054 – To Kharkhorin

27th Apr 2012, Kharkhorin, Mongolia

Back in the year 1219 CE, there was this one famous chap called Chinggis Khan. Emboldened and  fresh from his success in the unification of the Mongol tribes, he set up camps and military outposts in the Orkhon Valley,  which is in central Mongolia today. One of these camps  was later reinforced with walls and, under his successor the next Great Khan Ogodei, became the first capital of the Mongolian empire. He walled up the capital and added a palace. This capital was known as Karakorum.

From Karakorum, the Mongols would launch their invasion into the rest of Asia: China, Iran and Eastern Europe.  It was the capital of the Mongol Empire till 1260, when Kublai, who by then had mopped up China, decided to move the capital to Beijing (known as Dadu back then).

After that, Karakorum became a pale shadow of its former glory. It was partially rebuit in the 14th century, before the Chinsese returned in  1380 CE under the Ming Dynasty  and laid siege to Karakorum, destroying it completely.

Much later, the vajrayana school of Buddhism became popular and a Buddhist monastery was built in 1585 by the ruins of the old capital, using stone and remnants of the old capital. This monastery is known as Erdene Zuu.

Today, the ancient capital of the Mongols is long gone, replaced by the town of Kharkhorin (which is actually Karakorum in Mongolian). The Erdene Zuu monastery remains though, rebuilt and used as an active place of worship. As of late 2011, there is a spanking new museum, the Karkorum Museum, located within a few hundred meters of the monastery.

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